In traditional reinforced concrete, the alkaline pore solution which passivates the steel rebars will get neutralized with time in an exposed environment. Therefore, to prevent corrosion initiation, the permeability of the concrete is reduced and extra-thick concrete covers the steel rebars...
Background and aim Patients with cancer are at high risk of malnutrition, yet relevant ICD-10 codes for malnutrition are underutilized in cancer clinics. Understanding oncologists' perspectives is crucial for optimizing malnutrition diagnosis codes and enhancing nutritional practices to improve...
Hydrogen (H) can have dramatic consequences on material properties, especially by reducing the fracture toughness. Degradation by H initiates through mechanisms at the nano-scale, and is normally not detectable prior to the final leakage or component fracture. Computational techniques are therefore...
Cu2O/ZnO has been envisaged as a potential material system for the next generation thin film solar cells. So far, the experimental efforts to obtain conversion efficiencies close to the theoretically predicted value have failed. Combining aberration-corrected (scanning) transmission electron...
In post combustion CO2capture, the large scale use of solvents could lead to environmental effects through the emission of chemicals. Finding solvents which have low or no negative environmental effect and determining acceptable emission levels is important for implementing the technology globally...
Acute oil spills and produced water discharges may cause exposure of filter-feeding pelagic organisms to micron-sized dispersed oil droplets. The dissolved oil components are expected to be the main driver for oil dispersion toxicity; however, very few studies have investigated the specific...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate Mg80Ti20 thin film samples prepared by magnetron sputtering and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on atomistic models with similar stoichiometry. As Ti is known to be immiscible in Mg, the microstructure and...
A ZnO-nanolayer-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) composite (ZnO–CNT) was employed as a support to immobilise Ni catalysts. Well-mixed oxides, formed as a result of enhanced interfaces between the two oxides on CNTs, resulted in the formation of Ni–Zn alloys in reduced catalysts. The Ni/ZnO–CNT catalyst...
The Mixed Capacitated General Routing Problem (MCGRP) is a generalization of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) and the Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP). It is defined on a mixed graph, and tasks may be located on nodes, edges, and arcs. A homogeneous fleet of capacitated vehicles...
Det er rapportert geografiske forskjeller i Norge med tanke på bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern. Samtidig er det konstatert forskjeller mellom de enkelte institusjonene. Det arbeides med nasjonale strategier for å oppdatere ”Tiltaksplan for redusert og kvalitetssikret bruk av tvang i psykisk...
Near ambient pressure scanning photoelectron microscopy adds to the widely used photoemission spectroscopy and its chemically selective capability two key features: (1) the possibility to chemically analyse samples in a more realistic gas pressure condition and (2) the capability to investigate a...
Many important properties in the Al-Mg-Si alloy system, like hardness and toughness, is to a large extent determined by the atomistic precipitate interface structure. In this work we investigate the strain field around bulk hardening β'' precipitates and the fracture decohesion at β' grain boundary...
The maximum efficiency of solar cells utilizing a single layer for photovoltaic conversion is given by the single junction Shockley–Queisser limit. In tandem solar cells, a stack of materials with different band gaps contribute to the conversion, enabling tandem cells to exceed the single junction...
The aim of this work has been the photoelectrochemical (PEC) study of nanostructured photoanodes based on TiO2. Highly ordered and well adhered TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) of different lengths (∼2–20 μm) were prepared in a two-step process in ethylene glycol solutions containing fluorides, and detailed...
Defects in pulsed-laser deposition grown have been investigated using thermal admittance spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). A film was grown on either a tin-doped indium oxide or an aluminum-doped zinc oxide buffer layer on a sapphire substrate functioning as back contact layer...
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Nanoporous amorphous silicon (a-Si) with <5 nm cylindrical pores have been fabricated by phase separation of aluminum (Al) and silicon, forming self-assembled Al nanowires (NWs), followed by subsequent removal of Al by wet etching. This work studies the removal process of the Al NWs when using the...
Water photoelectrolysis has the potential to produce renewable hydrogen fuel, therefore addressing the intermittent nature of sunlight. Herein, a monolithic, photovoltaic (PV)-assisted water electrolysis device of minimal engineering and of low (in the μg range) noble-metal-free catalysts loading is...
Composite coatings containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane functionalised rGO (APTES-rGO) were prepared by sol–gel technology and deposited on Al 2024 T-3. Covalent functionalisation of GO by APTES occurred by formation of amide bonds, accompanied by GO reduction...
Homogenous aSi1−xAlxHy alloyed thin films, made by magnetron sputtering, has been found to exhibit tunable band gap and dielectric constant depending on their composition. The optical properties of alloys are largely defined by their electronic structure, which is is strongly influenced by...