Torrefaction has been recognized as a promising strategy to improve handling and storage properties of wood-based pellets, thus producing a uniform-quality commodity with high energy density and hydrophobicity. In this work, pellets produced from spruce stem wood, bark, and forest residues were...

The effect of torrefaction severity (temperature and residence time) was studied on the thermal decomposition of different parts of Norway spruce (stem wood, stump, and bark). The volatile content of the torrefied samples was characterized by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS...