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New battery technologies are necessary to cover the increasing demand for stationary energy storage as the green transition requires more use of renewable intermittent energy sources. The novel Na-ZnCl2 battery has been suggested as a solution to a cheap salt battery, exploiting abundant materials...

Molten Oxide Electrolysis (MOE) is a new CO₂-free technology that could alleviate the environmental impact of ferroalloy production. In this work the objectives were to perform (i) experimental lab scale studies of MOE for Mn from MnO using synthetic raw materials and a commercial Ni–Cr–Fe alloy as...

The current efficiency (CE) in aluminium cells is governed by transport of dissolved metal (mainly sodium) across the boundary layer at the cathode. The transport takes place by ordinary mass transfer, but since solutions of alkali metals and their salts show electronic conductivity, the CE is also...

Tungsten is a basic metal commodity that is classified as critical raw material (CRM) by the European Commission (EC) with the highest economical importance compared to other CRM. Thanks to its unique properties, secure W supply is critical to all industrial applications involving cutting or...

Abstract  The marked for silicon based solar cells has grown rapidly along with the increased focus on renewable energy sources. Earlier on, the solar grade Si (SoG Si) feedstock was based on scrap from the electronic industry. The demand for solar grade silicon or “poly silicon” is now larger than...

The recent exponential growth in the Li ion batteries (LIB) market, is largely driven by the demand for electric vehicles and the general transition to a green and digital economy. It is therefore imperative to develop more effective and economic processes for recovering battery raw materials such...