...(R290), isobutane (R600a), and propylene (R1270), is extended by experimental tests in a smooth tube and two microfinned tubes with an increase of heat exchange area of 1.51 and 2.63, respectively. The outer diameter for all of the test tubes was 5 mm. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are compared...
...hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, etc. are felt most acutely at local and regional levels. These events have exposed weaknesses in how well-prepared infrastructure operators are to keep their services and provide resilient responses. Outages and service disruptions are largely due to the inability of the affected...
...sample volume was regulated to 0, 20, 40 and 60degC, where 0degC is below the freezing point of cyclohexane (6degC). A sensitive differential charge measurement, with sensitivity down to 0.1 pC, and a photomultiplier was used to study the discharges in the liquid and solid phase. Streamer inception probabilities...
...wood and birch wood, both of two different particle sizes: 0.063-0.1 mm and 0.2-0.3 mm were investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer. The pyrolysis process was subdivided into four stages at a rate of 5, 20 and 50 K/min, varying from 30 to 600C. Below 170C, a mass loss occurred for drying and preheating...
...comprising both direct costs incurring at each start/stop cycle, and indirect cost because of reduced rehabilitation intervals for the main components. The fundamental assumption is that frequent start-ups lead to increased stress, degradation and wear reducing residual service life equivalent to a certain...
...are concerned about minimizing their costs, it is likely that speed and routing decisions will change because of this. In this paper, we develop an optimization model to be applied by ship operators for determining sailing paths and speeds that minimize operating costs for a ship along a given sequence...
...enhanced coverage and range is achievedLower (VHF/UHF) frequenciesMobile Multi-hop Relay and Mesh NetworkingNovel SatCom systems may be utilized to complement/supplement the terrestrial systems, e.g. to fill in coverage gaps and at deep seaObtaining seamless and continuous handover and roaming represents...