This paper describes a 3D measurement algorithm based on Multi-Frequency Phase Stepping, using a single period pattern and a higher frequency pattern. An experimentally verified analytical expression for depth precision enables adaptive selection of the high frequency. The algorithm has several adva...

We present a range-gated camera system designed for real-time (10 Hz) 3D estimation underwater. The system uses a fast-shutter CMOS sensor (1280×1024 1280×1024 ) customized to facilitate gating with 1.67 ns (18.8 cm in water) delay steps relative to the triggering of a solid-state actively...

In this article the development of a newly designed Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensor for underwater applications is described. The sensor is developed as part of the project UTOFIA (underwater time-of-flight image acquisition) funded by the EU within the Horizon 2020 framework. This project aims to...

Active illumination 3D imaging systems based on Time-of-flight (TOF) and Structured Light (SL) projection are in rapid development, and are constantly finding new areas of application. In this paper, we present a theoretical design tool that allows prediction of 3D imaging precision. Theoretical exp...

Structured light is a robust and accurate method for 3D range imaging in which one or more light patterns are projected onto the scene and observed with an off-axis camera. Commercial sensors typically utilize DMD- or LCD-based LED projectors, which produce good results but have a number of drawback...