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Field data from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) suggested that oxidation of gas compounds stimulated biodegradation of oil compounds in the deep sea plume. We performed experiments with local seawater from a Norwegian fjord to examine if the presence of dissolved...

Biodegradation of oil in the marine water column is mainly associated with oil dispersions. The operational use of chemical dispersants may therefore enhance oil biodegradation in seawater. The dispersant treatment results in oil droplet size reductions, increasing the surface-to-oil ratio of the...

Crude oil is a complex mixture of compounds of which the water-soluble fraction (WSF) is considered to be bioavailable and potentially toxic to aquatic biota. Containing numerous compounds, WSF becomes a source of multiple chemical stressors to wildlife when introduced into the environment. To study...

Marine snow (MS) forms naturally in the ocean and consists of living and non-living particles, involving mucus-producing phytoplankton and bacteria, detritus, faeces from zooplankton and fish and inorganic particles. In the context of oil spills, MS received attention as a possible source of oil...