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X-Ray Imaging of SAPO-34 Molecular Sieves at the Nanoscale: Influence of Steaming on the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Reaction

Sammendrag

The effect of a severe steaming treatment on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of H-SAPO-34 molecular sieves during the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction has been investigated with a combination of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), catalytic testing, and bulk characterization techniques, including ammonia temperature programmed desorption and 27Al and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. For this purpose, two samples, namely a calcined and a steamed H-SAPO-34 catalyst powder, have been compared. It has been found that calcined H-SAPO-34 displays a high selectivity towards light olefins, yet shows a poor stability as compared to a zeolite H-ZSM-5 catalyst. Moreover, in situ STXM at the carbon K-edge during the MTH reaction allows construction of nanoscale chemical maps of the hydrocarbon species formed within the H-SAPO-34 aggregates as a function of reaction time and steam post-treatment. It was found that there is an initial preferential formation of coke precursor species within the core of the H-SAPO-34 aggregates. For longer times on stream the formation of the coke precursor species is extended to the outer regions, progressively filling the entire H-SAPO-34 catalyst particle. In contrast, the hydrothermally treated H-SAPO-34 showed similar reaction selectivity, but decreased activity and catalyst stability with respect to its calcined counterpart. These variations in MTH performance are related to a faster and more homogeneous formation of coke precursor species filling up the entire steamed H-SAPO-34 catalyst particle. Finally, the chemical imaging capabilities of the STXM method at the Al and Si K-edge are illustrated by visualizing the silicon islands at the nanoscale before and after steaming H-SAPO-34.

Kategori

Vitenskapelig artikkel

Språk

Engelsk

Forfatter(e)

  • Luis R Aramburo
  • Javier Ruiz-Martinez
  • Linn Edda Sommer
  • Bjørnar Arstad
  • Robison Buitrago-Sierra
  • Antonio Sepulveda-Escribano
  • Henny W Zandbergen
  • Unni Olsbye
  • Frank M. F. de Groot
  • Bert M. Weckhuysen

Institusjon(er)

  • Universiteit Utrecht
  • Universitetet i Oslo
  • SINTEF Industri
  • Universidad de Alicante
  • Technische Universiteit Delft

År

2013

Publisert i

ChemCatChem

ISSN

1867-3880

Årgang

5

Hefte nr.

6

Side(r)

1386 - 1394

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