The current efficiency (CE) in aluminium cells is governed by transport of dissolved metal (mainly sodium) across the boundary layer at the cathode. The transport takes place by ordinary mass transfer, but since solutions of alkali metals and their salts show electronic conductivity, the CE is also...

One of the major downsides of the current aluminium production process is the high CO₂ emission. One alternative is to replace the consumable carbon anodes with inert anodes so that oxygen evolves instead of CO₂. Also PFC emissions will be eliminated by using inert anodes. However, so far a...