Several anthropogenic activities, such as dredging for marine navigation maintenance, subsea construction including the construction of offshore windfarms, urban development, and subsea and land-based mining activities can increase suspended particle loads in the pelagic environment. In Norway...

High mineral demands drive a worldwide increase in mining activity. In Norway, mine tailing disposal in fjords is practiced at several locations, raising environmental concern due to the spreading of particulate matter in the water column and the potential release of metals and process chemicals. In...

Rapid development, increasing demands and short lifespans of electronic equipment causes high generation of electronic waste (e-waste). In 2019 alone, approximately 1.5 billion smartphones were sold world-wide, with around 1.7 million smartphones sold in Norway. Mobile phones, especially smartphones...