Electrodialysis (ED) is an ionic exchange membrane process for separation of different components and species. In desalination, a large part of the energy is used to sustain a concentration difference between the solutions, but in the processes of exchanging in selective manners, the energy need is ...

A theory for the entropy production in a shock wave was developed using Gibbs’ excess properties in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics (NET) of surfaces. The theory was used to analyze numerical results from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The Gibbs equation for surface ...

The study of nucleation in fluid mixtures exposes challenges beyond those of pure systems. A striking example is homogeneous condensation in highly surface-active water-alcohol mixtures, where classical nucleation theory yields an unphysical, negative number of water molecules in the critical embryo...