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Water temperatures control life histories and diversity of aquatic species. Hydropower regulation, particularly in high head systems, alters natural water temperature regimes, which may have profound and long-term impacts on aquatic environments. Temperatures in by-pass sections and reaches affected...

This study examines how data is recombined during the creation of a digital twin - viewed here as an instance of digital innovation - along with the challenges that arise and the mechanisms that enable this process. Through an in-depth qualitative case study of the Varna Port Digital Twin, a pilot...

Although nanotoxicology has become a large research field, assessment of cytotoxicity is often reduced to analysis of one cell line only. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is complex and should, preferentially, be evaluated in several cell lines with different methods and on multiple nanoparticle...

Understanding the mechanical behaviour of natural soils as mixed with cement for stabilization is crucial for civil engineering developments. The response of cement-soil admixtures when subjected to cyclic loads is a largely unexplored topic, despite the importance of understanding fatigue in these...

The design of artificial solid eletroctrolyte interphase is an important task to minimize capacity losses in Li-ion batteries. Herein, TiO₂ created through atomic layer deposition was used as an artificial SEI on Si nanoparticles. Such coating led to substantial improvement of cycling stability when...

Local Na-coordination and dynamics of Na2–xZn2–xGaxTeO6; x = 0.00 (NZTO), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, were studied by variable-temperature, 23Na NMR methods and DFT AIMD simulations. Structure and dynamics were probed by NMR in the temperature ranges of 100–293 K in a magnetic field of 18.8 T and from...

This work describes the synthesis and investigation of improved SUZ-4 catalysts (SZR framework) and their application in methanol-to-olefins and methane-to-methanol conversion. We report boron containing, dealuminated and desilicated SUZ-4 catalysts. Ammonia and pyridine probe molecules enabled the...

CeO2 surfaces play decisive roles in heterogeneous catalysis of important processes. Here, we investigate adsorption and dissociation of water and migration of protons on internal surfaces of nanoscopic porous CeO2. Sorption and thermogravimetry confirm literature suggestions that the surface is...

Abstract Au-Au thermocompression bonding is a widely used technique for a variety of applications including hermetic sealing and packaging at a fine pitch. We have investigated the roles of pressure and temperature individually at different pressures (15 -100 MPa) and temperatures (150 and 250° C...

We performed a systematic study involving simulation and experimental techniques to develop induced-junction silicon photodetectors passivated with thermally grown SiO2 and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiNx thin films that show a record high quantum efficiency. We investigated...

Depending on the solvothermal reaction conditions, we obtained three different metal‐organic frameworks with yttrium(III) as metal component and 2,5‐dihdyroxyterepthalic acid (H4dhtp) as bifunctional organic linker: Y2(H2dhtp)3(dmf)4·(dmf)2 (CPO‐29) contains dinuclear, paddle‐wheel like inorganic...

Several fundamental aspects of the oxidation-induced redistribution of Ge in thin films of SiGe are studied. This includes the incorporation of Ge into the oxide and the formation of what is alternatively referred to as pile-up, snow-plow, or a germanium-rich layer. Experimental data from the...

We present a novel formalism to both understand and construct mixers that preserve a given subspace. The method connects and utilizes the stabilizer formalism that is used in error correcting codes. This can be useful in the setting when the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), a...

Train scheduling is a critical activity in rail traffic management, both off-line (timetabling) and on-line (dispatching). Time-Indexed formulations for scheduling problems are stronger than other classical formulations, like Big-M. Unfortunately, their size grows usually very large with the size of...

Background Infusion testing is an established method for assessing CSF resistance in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). To what extent the increased resistance is related to the glymphatic system is an open question. Here we introduce a computational model that includes...

We consider the typical workflow of a route planner in the context of short-term train timetabling, that is, the incremental process of adjusting a timetable for the next day or up to the next year. This process usually alternates between (1) making rough modifications to an existing timetable (e.g...

A neural network consisting of piecewise affine building blocks, such as fully-connected layers and ReLU activations, is itself a piecewise affine function supported on a polyhedral complex. This complex has been previously studied to characterize theoretical properties of neural networks, but, in...

We study the interaction-induced migration of bubbles in shear flow and observe that bubbles suspended in elastoviscoplastic emulsions organize into chains aligned in the flow direction, similarly to particles in viscoelastic fluids. To investigate the driving mechanism, we perform experiments and...

When scheduling the movement of individual vehicles on a traffic network, one must ensure that they never get too close to one another. This is normally modelled by segmenting the network and forbidding two vehicles to occupy the same segment at the same time. This approximation is often...

A deadlock occurs when two or more trains are preventing each other from moving forward by occupying the required tracks. Deadlocks are rare but pernicious events in railroad operations and, in most cases, are caused by human errors. Recovering is a time-consuming and costly operation, producing...