...growth. The combined problem of turbulence and cloud droplet growth is numerically challenging. Here an Eulerian scheme based on the Smoluchowski equation is compared with two Lagrangian superparticle (or superdroplet) schemes in the presence of condensation and collection. The growth processes are studied...
...models that simplify and approximate the real problem. The planners might therefore be more interested in a set of diverse high quality solutions to choose from, than in only the optimal (or near-optimal) solution to the model as is usually produced by a DSS. In ship routing and scheduling plans are...
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is increasingly becoming a part of all critical infrastructures, and thus there is an increasing need to include ICT in all risk assessments. This chapter explains the dependencies between ICT and other infrastructures and provides an overview of the threats...
This report maps the possibilities and challenges which combined simulation and optimization offers. This is done by establishing a common understanding of this technique through description of the important characteristics and the practical significance. The first section of the report builds the...
It is shown how a service-oriented and model-based approach for Enterprise Architecture and Enterprise Engineering can provide agile support for the different abstraction and modeling levels from business model and service innovation to cloud-based service realisation. Business model innovation is supported...
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...technologies are generally less energy intensive and hence more economic. Since catalysis plays a central role in these chemistries, areas where catalyst development is required will also be addressed, in addition to areas where research in materials chemistry and process development are needed. The presentation...
The inherent disadvantages of traditional nonflexible aerogels, such as high fragility and moisture sensitivity, severely restrict their applications. To address these issues, different techniques have been used to incorporate the flexibility in aerogel materials; hence, the term “flexible aerogels”...
...certificates) and electric power. In the model solution, the storage of el-certificates is managed optimally and certificate prices are given by the shadow price on the certificate storage. Case studies show how simulated prices are affected by the capacity for renewable electricity generation and by the...
Bayesian inference-based dynamic risk assessment (BIDRA) and the risk barometer represent two different approaches that may be adopted for dynamic evaluation of accident frequency. BIDRA is a methodology for reactive risk assessment based on Bayesian inference, whereas the risk barometer is based on...