Several authors and organisations have over the last 40 years suggested various ways to describe different levels of automation. In this paper we give an introduction to some of the most relevant models and present some of the challenges faced when using them. Furthermore, we suggest a new...

An in vivo sensor system for direct measurement of pressure in the human urinary bladder is developed. The core component in the system is a small-sized and highly sensitive piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensor element integrated in a sensor catheter. The sensor catheter is wired to an external...