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Natural refrigerants like CO₂ are playing a significant role in making refrigeration and heat pump systems climate-friendly by slowly phasing out the high global warming refrigerants like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). However, the efficiency of a transcritical CO₂ refrigeration system declines...

It is crucial for the photovoltaic (PV) industry to establish a circular materials flow for more sustainable solar silicon production. In the present work, a series of K2O-SiO2 and K2O-CaO-SiO2 slags were examined for the combination of silicon purification and Si-kerf waste recycling. The study...

A main objective of this report has been to contribute toward further digitalisation and standardisation of the petroleum industry. In particular, the report explores: • How ideas from Industry 4.0 and the AAS (asset administration shell) framework can be applied within the context of IEC...

Linear regression often fits a model to observations without accounting for associated uncertainties, as seen in Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). To address this limitation, a new two-parameter weight system is evaluated within the Weighted Least-Squares (WLS) method, which, unlike OLS, accounts for...

After marine oil spills, natural processes like photooxidation and biodegradation can remove the oil from the environment. However, these processes are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. To achieve a greater understanding of how seasonal variations in temperature, light exposure and...

With increasing socio-economic importance of the rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), Norway has laid out plans for REY mining, from land-based to deep-sea mining, thereby enhancing REY mobility in the marine ecosystem. Little is known about associated environmental consequences, especially in the...

Cultivated brown algae represent an important potential source of carbohydrate polymers for packaging and other biobased materials. However, their exploitation is currently limited by a short harvest season and a lack of cost-effective and sustainable methods to preserve biopolymer quality. In the...

The spring phytoplankton bloom plays a major role in pelagic ecosystems; however, its dynamics are not well understood due to insufficient, highly resolved observational data. Here we investigate the start, peak, and decline of a 2-week phytoplankton spring bloom in Frohavet located in a biological...