Abstract
The need to become more efficient in agriculture and the food industry exists
parallel to the challenge of climate change. Meat and dairy production is the target of much scrutiny
due to methane (CH4) emissions and global warming. On the other hand, it should be noted that
two-thirds of the world’s agricultural land consists of pastures and permanent grasslands and is used
for livestock grazing. This land is predominantly unsuitable for arable purposes but facilitates the
production of high-quality human-edible protein in the form of ruminant animal-derived meat and
milk. This makes a significant contribution to feeding the world’s population. There is a need to
reduce CH4 emissions, however, and several approaches are being researched currently. Seaweeds
are diverse plants containing bioactives that differ from their terrestrial counterparts and they are
increasingly under investigation as a feed supplement for the mitigation of enteric CH4. Seaweeds are
rich in bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids, saponins, alkaloids
and peptides. These bioactives could also play a role as feed ingredients to reduce enteric CH4. This
review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and their potential to impact on
enteric CH4 emissions.
parallel to the challenge of climate change. Meat and dairy production is the target of much scrutiny
due to methane (CH4) emissions and global warming. On the other hand, it should be noted that
two-thirds of the world’s agricultural land consists of pastures and permanent grasslands and is used
for livestock grazing. This land is predominantly unsuitable for arable purposes but facilitates the
production of high-quality human-edible protein in the form of ruminant animal-derived meat and
milk. This makes a significant contribution to feeding the world’s population. There is a need to
reduce CH4 emissions, however, and several approaches are being researched currently. Seaweeds
are diverse plants containing bioactives that differ from their terrestrial counterparts and they are
increasingly under investigation as a feed supplement for the mitigation of enteric CH4. Seaweeds are
rich in bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids, saponins, alkaloids
and peptides. These bioactives could also play a role as feed ingredients to reduce enteric CH4. This
review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and their potential to impact on
enteric CH4 emissions.