European fisheries are at a critical juncture. The confluence of political change and environmental change, along with the challenges of past Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reforms such as the landing obligation, creates a once in a generation opportunity for a paradigm shift in fisheries management ...

The Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean, is administered by Norway through the 1920 Svalbard Treaty. There is a dearth of research investigating Svalbard’s economic development and associated political challenges. Due to its strategic location, the increasing activities of oil/gas expl...

A changing climate will impact not only the environment but all levels of governance thereof, including the context of the close to 400 multilateral environmental management agreements signed since the year 2000. For the Ocean, researchers project that the increasing sea surface temperatures will fa...

Plastics is all the rage, and mitigating marine litter is topping the agenda for nations pushing issues such as ocean acidification, or even climate change, away from the public consciousness. We are personally directly affected by plastics and charismatic megafauna is dying from it, and it is somet...

We will assess the effectiveness of International Organizations in terms of what they can and do and how they operate, including their involvement of private actors and institutions as partners in the operation. In collaborating with private actors, international organizations are better able to sup...

With rising ocean temperatures, we are already seeing the migration of fish species into new waters. In heavily fished areas like the North Atlantic Ocean, this has led to rising disputes between the states and fishers who originally fished these species and the states and fishers for whom these are...

Norway is the largest global producer and exporter of farmed salmon, however the growth of the industry has coincided with environmental impacts to the marine ecosystem and negative perceptions of salmon farming. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is one solution, and scientists in Norway h...

In this chapter, we have looked at the patterns of change in environmental regimes that have undergone substantial shocks and successfully adapted to these perturbations. The patterns revealed by studying these regime changes revealed options for ocean governance due to implications of climate chang...