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SUT-Core

The SUT core software provides functionalities to develop national macro-econometric input-output - based models.

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SUT-core utilizes country-specific supply-and-use tables, as well as time series data from the System of National Accounts. It is for example used to build  Just Transition (former Green Jobs) Assessment Models (JTAMs/GJAMs) for the International Labour Organizations GAIN network http://www.ilo.org/gain.

This poster of GJAM modelling was presented at the Madagascar pavillon at the COP29 in 2024.

Graphical Abstract JTAM.pdf

Just Transition Assessment Models (JTAMs) provide a tool to assess the multidimensional impact of climate policies on the labour market. They are a macro-economic modelling framework based on the System of National Accounts (SNA) statistics and Input-Output or Supply-and-Use Tables (IOTs, SUTs), combined with employment and other social data from household and labour force surveys, and with GHG emissions from national inventories. The aim of the JTAM is to assess and guide policymaking by modelling alternative policy scenarios to compare effects on socioeconomic indicators such as jobs, skills, gender, and income. Green Jobs Assessment Models have already been developed for ten different countries [1]. SINTEF's SUT_core software is utilized in JTAMs/GJAMs for Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Turkey, Norway, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, and Senegal so far. JTAM Rwanda is currently (2025) under development.

The philosophy of the model is to represent economic development as simply and transparently as possible, while enabling the identification of employment outcomes of structural economic changes that occur due to climate change mitigation and adaptation policies. Being an input-output-based model, the JTAM/GJAM captures both direct effects as well as their indirect impacts on upstream industries, i.e. those that supply the industries that will be strongly affected by the structural changes. These results can be used to inform policy design for climate policies and NDCs, following the ratification of the Paris Agreement in October 2021.

Supply-and-use table based macro-econom(etr)ic input-output models / GAIN type Green Jobs Assessment Models are not economic forecasting models. Rather, these models are a tool to inform about possible effects of "what-if" scenarios on emissions and labour demand by industries, given that the remaining structure of the economy remains as is. The results should be assessed relative to the baseline scenario. They indicate the direction and possible size of the effects, but should not be taken exact estimates. For example, the actual labour market outcomes depend on other factors as well as dynamic labour market adjustments, that are not considered here. Nonetheless, these models give an indication on how to design measures and policy goals in order to maximize the positive and minimize the negative implications. The model is dynamic-recursive and driven exogenously by population growth, export demand, and scenario-specific investments, and endogenously through household demand depending on value added in the same year (iteration to achieve convergence), and investments growing with last year's growth rate. Note that these models are not economic forecasting models. The model is based on the philosophy of the INFORUM-type macro-economic input-output models [2] and of the applied input-output models by the Green Jobs Assessment Institution Network (GAIN) [3].

More details in: 2025 JTAM overview - published

[1] See: Green jobs assessment reports | International Labour Organization

[2] Almon, C. The Inforum Approach to Interindustry Modeling. Econ. Syst. Res. 3, 1–8 (1991).

[3] International Labour Office. GAIN Training Guidebook: How to measure and model social and employment outcomes of climate and sustainable development policies. (2017). 

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