This report defines an ICT architecture for the onboard computer-based systems on a ship. It gives an overview of the protocol standards and data models that are commonly in use on ships. The emphasis is on system connectivity and the ability to get information from the different systems and how to...
Increasing digitalization in the society at large, including international ship operations, requires careful consideration of what communication system to deploy and how to use it. This includes basic communication basics, such as quality of service, whether the system supports fine grained API...
This report gives a summary of the standardisation work that has been done in the ISTS-project, especially related to the development and maintenance of the IMO Compendium and the ISO 28005 standard on Electronic Port Clearance. The starting point for this work was the agreement between IMO...
Large amounts of offshore wind (OW) power are expected to be installed in the North Sea in the next decades with countries aiming for a total of 300 GW by 2050 as stated in the Ostend declaration. This scale-up will help achieve the decarbonization of the European energy system. However, it is...
The presence of bio-oil distillation sludge (DS) disrupts biomass refining and poses health risks. This study investigates DS utilization in industrial bio-oil refining through co-pyrolysis with walnut shell (WS). Char characterization elucidates structural changes induced by co-pyrolysis...
The growing implementation of sustainable urban infrastructure, utilizing solar energy for heat and power generation, daylighting, and thermal comfort, has intensified the focus on sustainability standards and guidelines. Nevertheless, a noticeable deficiency persists in regulations that...
Projects can be seen as a learning arena. New knowledge can be developed, and existing knowledge can be shared in projects. Several projectbased organizations (PBOs) could see the importance of knowledge sharing and learning in projects – for instance to deal effectively with changes and uncertainty...
Retrofitting the building stock is pivotal to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Most of the existing research on energy efficiency focuses on new residential buildings. The focus must shift to multi-building retrofits, thereby more frequently including non-residential buildings. As multi...
A persistent obstacle towards the realization of high voltage cathodes is electrolyte instability where oxidation and transition metal dissolution manifest in rapid capacity failure with both issues connected to the presence of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte. Here, alternative electrolyte co...