Abstract
Objective Parenting sense of competence plays a central role in understanding the dynamics within a family and is central to positive parenting. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated parenting sense of competence among parents facing adversity. The study aimed to investigate self-reported parenting sense of competence (PSOC) and associated factors at individual, family, social and service levels among parents using a low threshold family service in Norway. Method The study was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020. The sample consisted of 275 parents (83.3 % females, mean age 38 years). Linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding factors, was conducted. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the mean values for mothers and fathers on the Efficacy and Satisfaction subscales of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Self-reported economic situation, symptoms of anxiety/depression, general health status, family functioning, social cohesion and support, and relationships with staff at the low-threshold service were all significantly associated with PSOC. However, no significant associations were found between PSOC and education level, cohabitation status, number of children, child age, substance abuse, or time spent at the low-threshold service. Conclusion These findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing parental competence in populations facing adversities, underscoring the need for comprehensive approaches in parenting support programs. Tailored interventions targeting these determinants could significantly enhance the well-being of families facing adversities.