Abstract
Industrial off-gas can be a resource, but regulatory uncertainties are often in the way of fully leveraging it. Re-using gases like CO₂ from industrial off-gas is desirable but will require large investments. The economic risk is increased by the fact that the rules for how you pay for emissions is changing continuously. In this respect, the European Union’s regulations on emission allowance allocation and -price are particularly important. However, there are also other, less well-known regulations which will be equally important.