A Review of Resilience in Autonomous Transport to Improve Safety and Security.

The risks of autonomous systems are emerging and we need to explore how risks can be mitigated through resilience engineering. This paper presents results from a literature review on resilience in autonomous transport systems (i.e. resilience, autonomy, transport) aiming to answer: How can resilience be used to improve safety and security of autonomous transport systems? What can the various transport modes learn from each other regarding resilience and autonomy; and more specifically, what issues are of interest for the maritime sector? The results show that resilience has been identified as an important enabler for safety and security of autonomous systems, with increased attention from 2017. Many of the papers discuss resilience in the context of safety improvements, or resilience
against system failures. Most of the literature covers autonomy in road traffic and aviation. Findings from these modes can provide input to design and enhance resilience of maritime autonomy. As an example, the importance
and resilience of infrastructure (i.e. intelligent infrastructure support) supporting autonomy in aviation and road traffic may be explored in improving resilience of maritime autonomy. The breadth of security issues from road transportation should be explored in the maritime industry. More exploration of existing research is needed in the maritime sector to select and build upon existing research from the other modes