Abstract
New concepts of local electricity markets (LEMs) have led increased focus on the decentralization of energy systems and a raise in local energy communities (LECs). Under the right market-regulatory incentives, peer-to peer (P2P) electricity trading schemes facilitate direct trade among the prosumers and enable active consumers of energy to share the self-generated electricity and make effective use of flexibility services provided by distributed energy resources (DERs). The paper presents a review of the state of implementation of LEMs and P2P. The research questions are: What grid tariff designs affect the value of peer-to-peer? How does a local energy market benefit from grid tariff designs? To address these questions, the authors survey the latest regulatory frameworks in Europe, focusing especially on Austria, Ireland, and Norway.