Abstract
This report evaluates Campus Evenstad towards becoming a ZEN. The goal is to present which measures are most relevant to realize ZEN goals related to energy and develop an understanding of potential, consequences, value, and status related to operations and investments in the energy system at Campus Evenstad. We evaluate consequences of achieving different degrees of on-site supply of renewable energy. Four aspects are evaluated for the energy system: (1) Value creation and regulatory framework, (2) future investments, (3) operational control and optimization, and (4) emission reductions. Local power supply generates economic value mainly through saved costs of reduced grid import (i.e. delivered electricity to the neighbourhood). Saved costs are achieved due to (1) less delivered electricity, (2) reduced grid tariff, and (3) reduced taxes and levies as the billing is based on net metering of delivered electricity. We have investigated future investments in the energy system at Campus Evenstad by using a linear programming model. The results show that investments in more PV is the most cost-efficient way of achieving annual compensation of emissions. In addition, operational control through planned charging of battery and electric vehicles or pre-heating space and water to reduce peak loads and minimize operational costs should be prioritized. Campus Evenstad should aim at self-consuming local energy resources to minimize emissions. This is because the local energy resources are based on renewable resources that replaces energy supply based on fossil fuels other places in Europe. This report can be used to support decisions for Statsbygg at Campus Evenstad on its way towards ZEN. More general, consequences of energy choices in a ZEN is investigated and will be relevant for other ZEN partners. The report incorporates several work packages in FME ZEN and connects economic, operational, and technical aspects in the development of a Zero Emission Neighbourhood.