Abstract
There is no doubt that marine organisms representing most trophic levels and ecosystems (e.g. pelagic and benthic) are contaminated with microplastic (MP) debris. This presentation assesses the limited scientific evidence regarding potential effects from MP contamination in marine organisms. Studies showing MP ingestion and resulting negative effects in example species (e.g. mussels, marine oysters and fish) will be discussed within the context of acute and sublethal responses, life-stage, and potential for true uptake and internalisation. Recent studies indicating small microplastics (<30 µm) and nanoplastics (NPs) have the potential to cross biological barriers, accumulate in organisms and elicit toxicological responses will also be presented. Finally, the role of MPs and NPs as vectors of additive chemicals and known environmental pollutants (e.g. persistent organic pollutants and metals) will be discussed.