Abstract
Consequence assessment in conventional quantitative risk assessment studies is carried out with simplified tools and conservative assumptions, leading to static worst-case representation of the magnitude associated with accidents. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models may constitute an advanced tool to analyze dynamic scenarios. CFD models may capture the interaction among the released hazardous substances and the geometry of the surrounding environment, thus allowing for detailed three-dimensional analysis in the presence of obstacles, bunds, and congested industrial layouts. In this chapter, relevant CFD consequence assessment studies are collected and discussed, highlighting the key features and advantages with respect to conventional model application. At the same time, possible limitations of CFD models are addressed, providing information for selection between integral models and CFD.