Micro X-Ray computational tomography (µ-CT), has been applied to study the bubble distribution across the wall of fused quartz crucibles used for Czochralski pulling of monocrystalline silicon ingots for solar cells. Two crucibles from different suppliers has been used in the study. One set of ...

This paper reports the fabrication of n-type crystalline Si based solar cell using boron liquid solution (BLS) deposited by spray method for p-type emitter formation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the analysis of surface composition and electronic states of elements at the ...

Four industrial-scale n-type Czochralski silicon crystals were grown with different impurity contents, i.e. metallics, phosphorus and oxygen. Horizontal slices were obtained from the top and middle of the crystals and were characterized in terms of lifetime and both defect and impurity distribution....