Spread of harmful microorganisms through fouling of ships - A brief literature review
The IMO 2023 Biofouling Management Guidelines and 2025 guidance aim to prevent fouling on ships and minimize the spread of non-native species (MEPC 378(80)), by recommending in-water cleaning (IWC) with effluent treatment, ensuring that only particles, including organisms, smaller than 10 μm in all...
- Authors
- Sigrid Hakvåg
- Adam Jon Andrews
- Marit Frederikke Markussen Bjorbækmo
- Stefani Piarulli
- Year
- 2025