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With an increasing share of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources in the European grid, energy flexibility will be key for the industrial sector to support the green transition. The EU-project Flex4Fact aims at finding solutions for energy and process flexibility for industry, using SINTEF’s...

Voltage-time (V-t) curves for breakdown are important in insulation coordination for design of transformers. The time to breakdown for a liquid insulated gap is determined by the velocity of a breakdown streamer and the distance it must propagate to short circuit the insulation. Streamer velocities...

The lower volumetric energy density of hydrogen compared to natural gas requires cost-effective transport solutions. Compressed hydrogen transport via pipelines has been considered the most economical for distances under 3000 km. Retrofitting existing natural gas pipelines is crucial for efficiently...

According to the High-Luminosity plan (HL-LHC) the Large Hadron Collider will be upgraded to further extend physics discoveries (2033–2034). The increase of the luminosity is followed by an increase of the radiation damage on the silicon sensors used to detect those particles, which they must be...

Power transformers are considered one of the most critical components in the electrical network. Their sudden outage can paralyze the entire power system, leading to severe financial consequences. The transformer's lifespan is largely influenced by its solid insulation ageing rate. Thus, it is...

Negative streamers with an applied step voltage in an 80-mm point-to-plane gaps in transformer oil have been studied with a fast 16-frame camera. The negative streamers propagated for around 200 µs – 300 µs before breakdown occurred or the streamer channel disappeared. The streamer velocity was...

The field-dependent ionization potential of six molecules relevant for transformer insulating liquids has been examined by an analytical expression based on a multipole expansion. Molecular properties were calculated by density functional theory at zero field. We found that many molecules are...

Local electric field factors have been calculated for cyclohexane and ethyl laurate liquids by using a force-field model for the local field response to an external field based on liquid configurations generated from molecular dynamics simulations. For cyclohexane, we found field factors up to...

This paper presents a coordinated voltage-frequency control (CVFC) method for inductive battery charging systems that ensures full-range output power control at high efficiencies over large variations in coupling conditions. The method automatically switches between sub-resonant frequency control...

The temperature evolution of CO₂ during full-bore pipe depressurization events is relevant for risk assessment, e.g., for CO₂ transport in the context of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS). We analyse and model the temperature evolution for four different initial temperatures between 𝑇0 = 4.6 ◦C and...