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In order to decrease the earth's energy imbalance degree, a R744 ground source heat pump system (GSHPS) with air-cooled and water-cooled gas coolers was designed, and the performances of this system were analyzed numerically. The results show that, for the proposed R744 system in different regions...

The first part of this report discusses the energy use in non-residential buildings through a literature survey. The questions addressed are the division of energy use according to different purposes, correspondence between measured and calculated energy use and future trends in the energy use...

The increasing interest in gasification and oxy-fuel combustion of biomass has heightened the need for a detailed understanding of char gasification in industrially relevant environments (i.e., high temperature and high-heating rate). Despite innumerable studies previously conducted on gasification...

As penetration of renewable energy sources increases, the proportion of synchronous generators with rotating masses directly coupled to the grid decreases. In the case of wind generation, the kinetic energy stored in the machine rotor is not available to perform the natural task of frequency support...

This paper presents a hybrid HVDC-transmission system composed by a Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter (FB-MMC) and a Line-commutated Converter (LCC) from the grid integration of offshore wind farms. The operational characteristics of a three-terminal hybrid-HVDC system, e.i. two LCC stations...

Equations of state (EoS) are essential in the modeling of a wide range of industrial and natural processes. Desired qualities of EoS are accuracy, consistency, computational speed, robustness and predictive ability outside of the domain where they have been fitted. In this work, we review present...

In this study, the accuracies of the homogeneous equilibrium (HEM) and homogeneous relaxation models (HRM) were compared. Both models were implemented in the ejectorPL computational tool. The HEM and HRM were used to simulate the carbon dioxide flow in ejectors that were designed for supermarket...

This paper presents a protection scheme for multi-terminal Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based HVDC systems, designed to detect and clear cable-to-ground faults in a range from very low to relatively high impedance. The protection scheme consists of two complementary and integrated layers: a...

As part of the investigation of a new and optimized environmental flow regime in a regulated river (Mandalselva, Norway), a modeling study was conducted on the trade-offs between the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts and the production of hydropower. Impacts of alternative flow...

This paper studies the scalability and replicability of smart grid projects. Currently, most smart grid projects are still in the R&D or demonstration phases. The full roll-out of the tested solutions requires a suitable degree of scalability and replicability to prevent project demonstrators from...