Abstract
This paper provides an insight into the global state of Lean Industry 4.0 (LI4) with over 1,000 industryresponses. The approach employs a rigorous qualitative open-response survey. Our findings indicatethat there was no unified industry perspective of LI4 terminology. The evolution of I4 is taking a simi-lar path to Lean and making the same mistakes by not focusing on leadership, engagement, compe-tencies, and behaviours. Past academic research has perhaps over-emphasised the environment andsupply chain. The benefits of LI4 application are largely in terms of efficiency, cost reduction, learningand engagement. This work contributes by highlighting research avenues: why a piecemeal approachhas been taken by industry to LI4, why LI4 has not been more widespread, and more detailed studiesaround contingent factors). It also provides industry with lessons on how to implement LI4 and themistakes to avoid such as seeing implementation as a purely technical exercise