Abstract
This study applies optimization methods from hydrocarbon extraction to CO₂ injection, focusing on well placement in the Smeaheia aquifer—a key carbon storage candidate near the Troll field, Norway. Using the Pflotran-OGS simulator, we optimize injection well locations based on Net Present Value (NPV), with spatial domain
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X as the variable and fixed well control parameters.
Smeaheia comprises two main structures (Alpha and Beta), with leakage risk near the Øygarden fault. Based on spill path analysis, regions were classified as safe or unsafe for free-phase CO₂. The NPV function penalizes CO₂ in unsafe zones rather than discarding such cases, preserving a smoother response surface for optimization.
Pressure-matching with the Troll field was performed using dummy wells and pore volume multipliers, achieving a
𝑋
X as the variable and fixed well control parameters.
Smeaheia comprises two main structures (Alpha and Beta), with leakage risk near the Øygarden fault. Based on spill path analysis, regions were classified as safe or unsafe for free-phase CO₂. The NPV function penalizes CO₂ in unsafe zones rather than discarding such cases, preserving a smoother response surface for optimization.
Pressure-matching with the Troll field was performed using dummy wells and pore volume multipliers, achieving a