Innovative CO₂ Monitoring with Portable Active Seismic Source Technology: Insights from Svelvik CO₂ Field Lab

The Portable Active Seismic Source (PASS) developed by the University of Tokyo was utilized during a feasibility study of CO₂ injection and migration monitoring at the Svelvik CO₂ Field Lab in Norway. This campaign marked the first use of PASS as a Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) source, in addition to its continuous signal generation capabilities. Known for its compact size, high signal-to-noise ratio, and ability to generate chirp signals with a wide frequency range, the PASS-system was deployed to monitor CO₂ migration during the October 2024 CO₂ injection campaign at the Svelvik CO₂ Field Lab. By continuously generating and stacking seismic signals, the PASS-source enabled detailed imaging and monitoring of subsurface structures. This work, which was focused on data collection and evaluating near-well integrity and leakage detection using multiple sources and receivers, aims to present the results demonstrating the effectiveness of the PASS-source in detecting CO₂ plume movements and potential leakages. The findings contribute to the advancement of CO₂ storage safety and monitoring techniques, highlighting the potential of the PASS-source for low-cost, continuous monitoring in various geophysical settings.