Abstract
This study investigates the impact of generative AI (GAI) tools, like ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot, on software development. GAI tools can automate repetitive tasks, provide code suggestions, and enhance problem-solving. We conducted a case study in a large-scale agile organization, where we examined how GAI tools influence development efficiency and developers’ workflow. During 25 days of observations, we observed 49 programming sessions. GAI was used in all 16 solo programming sessions and 30 of 33 pair programming sessions. Additionally, we conducted 14 interviews with developers and team leaders. In solo programming, GAI tools were said to improve efficiency and reduce stress, allowing more time for solving complex tasks. In contrast, the impact of GAI in pair programming was mixed. GAI tools were less frequently used in pair programming compared to solo programming. Our findings also highlight changes in software development, with developers leveraging GAI for information retrieval and coding assistance. However, challenges such as dependency on AI tools and the accuracy of AI-generated suggestions persist.