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Plasma-enabled multifunctional platform for gram-scale production of graphene and derivatives

Abstract

Taking advantage of the high-energy-density microwave plasma environment as a unique 3D space for the self-assembly of free-standing nanostructures, a novel multifunctional platform for the continuous production of graphene and derivatives at the gram scale was developed. The platform is supported by a prototype plasma machine capable of performing a wide variety of industrially applicable processes within a single assembly environment. Free-standing graphene and nitrogen doped graphene, i.e., N-graphene nanosheets, and hybrid nanocomposites are assembled in a one-step process in seconds under atmospheric pressure conditions without the need of post-treatment. A single custom-designed machine enables the synthesis of an extensive array of hybrid nanomaterials featuring metal nanoparticles anchored in graphene. The method enables the conversion of a wide range of low-cost feedstock (e.g., ethanol, acetonitrile, etc.) into graphene and derivatives at a rate up to 30 mg/min. The resulting N-graphene sheets exhibit high quality, as evidenced by the highest reported presence of single atomic layers (45%), high ratio of 2D/G peak intensities in Raman spectra and N/O atomic ratio greater than one. The use of the obtained N-graphene in low secondary electron emission applications and in inkjet printing are explored. The presented plasma machine embodies significant potential to increase the effectiveness of plasma-driven process regarding productivity, costs and turnaround time.
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Category

Academic article

Language

English

Author(s)

  • Ana Dias
  • Edgar Felizardo
  • Neli Bundaleska
  • Miroslav Abrashev
  • Jivko Kissovski
  • Ana M. Ferraria
  • Ana M. Rego
  • Thomas Strunskus
  • Patricia Almeida Carvalho
  • Amélia Almeida
  • Janez Zavašnik
  • Eva Kovacevic
  • Johannes Berndt
  • Nenad Bundaleski
  • Mohammed-Ramzi Ammar
  • Orlando M.N.D. Teodoro
  • Uros Cvelbar
  • Luís L. Alves
  • Bruno Gonçalves
  • Elena Tatarova

Affiliation

  • SINTEF Industry / Sustainable Energy Technology
  • Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"
  • France
  • University of Orléans ESPEO
  • NOVA University Lisbon
  • Instituto Superior Tecnico
  • University of Lisbon (ULisboa)
  • University of Kiel
  • Josef Stefan Institute

Year

2024

Published in

Applied Materials Today

ISSN

2352-9407

Volume

36

View this publication at Norwegian Research Information Repository