Abstract
The amount of municipal solid waste generated is steadily increasing, while natural resources are depleted more and more. In this regard, efficient waste management and treatment are central to ensure that as many valuable resources as possible can be recovered at best possible quality. This should be done sustainably, with minimal energy needs and minimal harm to environment and society. On the other hand, economic viability is important to ensure commercial applicability. Numerous technologies have been developed or are under development, based on (hydro)thermal, chemical, mechanical, and biological approaches. As a consequence, there is an increasing variety of material fractions that can be recovered and enter the loop again - which, in turn, may stimulate new industrial activities. This report provides an overview of selected innovative waste treatment technologies with long-term potential, focusing on approaches to manage plastic, food, wood, and textile waste. The exploration contributes to a greater understanding of the diverse array of solutions available for waste management and resource recovery, strengthening the knowledge base on sustainable waste management.