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Comparison of the condition of steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete with water-glass and alkali-free activators after more than 20 years of service in a subsea road tunnel

Abstract

The in-service condition of steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete installed more than 20 years ago as single-shell rock support lining in the Nordkapp subsea road tunnel was investigated. The novelty of this study is the comparison of shotcrete with water–glass and alkali-free activators in a saline groundwater environment. The lowest shotcrete density was obtained at joints between two adjacent shotcrete layers. In the case of alkali-free accelerator, ettringite enrichment was observed in these joints. Leaching appeared to be the main degradation mechanism in the outermost 10–15 cm towards the traffic room.
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Category

Academic article

Language

English

Author(s)

Affiliation

  • SINTEF Community / Architecture, Materials and Structures
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • Norwegian Geotechnical Institute

Year

2022

Published in

Construction and Building Materials

ISSN

0950-0618

Volume

328

View this publication at Norwegian Research Information Repository