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Embryonic exposure to produced water can cause cardiac toxicity and deformations in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae

Abstract

Regular discharges of produced water from the oil and gas industry represents the largest direct discharge of effluent into the marine environment worldwide. Organic compound classes typically reported in produced water include saturated hydrocarbons, monoaromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs, PAHs) as well as oxygenated compounds, such as phenols, acids and ketones. This forms a cocktail of known and suspect toxicants, but limited knowledge is yet available on the sub-lethal toxicity of produced water to cold-water marine fish species. In the present work, we conducted a 4-day exposure of embryos of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) to produced water extracts equivalent to 1:50, 1:500 and 1:5000 times dilutions of raw effluent. No significant reduction in survival or hatching success was observed, however, for cod, hatching was initiated earlier for exposed embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. During recovery, significantly reduced embryonic heart rate was observed for both species. After hatch, larvae subjected to embryonic exposure to produced water extracts were smaller, and displayed signs of cardiotoxicity, jaw and craniofacial deformations. In order to improve risk assessment and regulation of produced water discharges, it is important to identify which produced water components contribute to these effects.
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Category

Academic article

Language

English

Affiliation

  • SINTEF Ocean / Climate and Environment
  • Institute of Marine Research
  • Diverse norske bedrifter og organisasjoner

Year

2019

Published in

Marine Environmental Research

ISSN

0141-1136

Volume

148

Page(s)

81 - 86

View this publication at Norwegian Research Information Repository