Abstract
The IEA HPT Annex 49 "Design and integration of heat pumps for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" deals with the design and integration of heat pumps as core component of the HVAC system for Nearly or Net Zero energy buildings (NZEB). The IEA HPT Annex 49 has been structured into four tasks which comprise the following investigations: Task 1: State-of-the-art analysis Task 1 – this report – is to give an overview on NZEB on the national level of the participating countries. In more detail, the political framework in terms of NZEB (e.g. building codes, legislation, definition(s) of NZEB), the state of market introduction and applied technologies both on the building envelope and the bldg. HVAC system shall be characterized. The compiled technical concepts shall be analysed regarding the heat pump application. Technologies can be classified in a technology matrix and evaluated regarding specific advantages of single technologies for dedicated applications like new bldgs., retrofit, office, residential, etc. Technologies shall also be considered regarding different aspects of the definitions, e.g. characteristics regarding load match and grid interaction, the necessity of a grid connection or the capability to integrate local storage. This information can be updated from IEA HPT Annex 40. Information shall be extended regarding the technologies for groups of bldgs. and neighbourhoods as well as for current market conditions for renewable energy. Task 2: Integration options of system technology Task 2 is dedicated to identifying promising integration options in order to increase the performance. This can be done for single buildings, i.e. simultaneous operation modes or storage integration, but the investigations shall also be extended to groups of buildings or neighbourhoods, which may offer collective heat source/heat sink and a load balancing in case of different use of buildings. Concepts and technologies can be analysed by simulations wrt. the benefits in performance or cost of the system integration options, but also wrt. further aspects like self-consumption of energy, load match and grid interaction. Evaluation can also be linked to Task 4 regarding the design and control of system configurations. Task 3: Technology development and field monitoring Task 3 is dedicated to technology developments on the component and system level as well as to gather field experiences of system solutions in field monitoring projects. Marketable and prototype technologies could be lab-tested or investigated in field monitoring. Task 3 is accomplished in parallel to Task 2. Task 4: Design and control of nZEB technical building systems Task 4 is also to be accomplished in parallel and deals with the design and control of building systems in nZEB. On the one hand, this is related to the integration option investigated in Task 2 and also include the design for groups of buildings and neighbourhoods. Besides the function of the components control, it also addresses strategies for demand response in order to enhance the flexibility of the building technology, either for higher self-consumption or for a grid-supportive operation, e.g. based on price signals. Thus, a holistic evaluation of the design and control of the building technology based on the criteria performance, cost and flexibility shall be derived. This report gives the results with the State-of-the-Art Analysis (Task 1) for NORWAY. The Norwegian activities in IEA HPT Annex 49 are organized and carried out by SINTEF Building and Infrastructure (http://www.sintef.no/home/building-and-infrastructure), while NTNU (http://www.ntnu.edu) and COWI AS (www.cowi.no) are subcontracting partners. The project is funded by the governmental organization Enova SF (www.enova.no) and the Norwegian Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods, FME ZEN (http://fmezen.com/).