Abstract
The dense discrete phase model (DDPM) is a promising method for detailed simulation of fluidized bed reactors. It can resolve particle clusters on much coarser grids than the conventional two fluid model (TFM) and allows for a more natural inclusion of particle size distributions. However, the discrete nature of the DDPM presents challenges when implementing the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF), which is required for adequate predictions of fluidized bed behaviour. This paper outlines several methods for accomplishing this task. A good match with experimental and TFM data was achieved with different methods for implementing the KTGF, thus building confidence in the DDPM as a method for fluidized bed reactor modelling. It was also shown that the model completely fails in dilute riser flows when the KTGF is only partially implemented or neglected completely.