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Unlocking the Electrochemical Activation of Diatomaceous Earth SiO2 Anodes for Next‐Generation Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Silica (SiO 2 ) anodes are promising candidates for enhancing the energy density of next‐generation Li‐ion batteries, offering a compelling combination of high storage capacity, stable cycling performance, low cost, and sustainability. This performance stems from SiO 2 unique lithiation mechanism, which involves its conversion to electroactive silicon (Si) and electrochemically inactive species. However, widespread adoption of SiO 2 anodes is hindered by their slow initial lithiation. To address this, research has focused on developing electrochemical “activation protocols” that involve prolonged low‐potential holding steps to promote SiO 2 conversion. Despite these efforts, the complex and multi‐pathway nature of SiO 2 lithiation process remains poorly understood, impeding the rational design of effective activation strategies. By introducing a multi‐probe characterization approach, this study reveals that, contrary to the previously proposed reaction mechanism of SiO 2 anodes, the lithiation process initiates at low potentials with the direct formation of Li 4 SiO 4 and Li x Si. Electrochemical activation potential was found to significantly influence the degree of conversion, with 10 mV identified as the optimal cut‐off potential for maximizing SiO 2 utilization. These findings provide key enablers to unlock the full potential of SiO 2 anodes for battery technology.

Category

Academic article

Language

English

Author(s)

  • Weicheng Hua
  • Per Erik Vullum
  • Kristianne Nilsen‐Nygaard Hjelseng
  • Johan Hamonnet
  • Pedro Alonso‐Sánchez
  • Jiefang Zhu
  • Zoltan Hegedüs
  • Juan Rubio Zuazo
  • Federico Cova
  • Ann Mari Svensson
  • Maria Valeria Blanco

Affiliation

  • SINTEF Industry / Materials and Nanotechnology
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Date

11.07.2025

Year

2025

Published in

Energy & Environmental Materials (EEM)

ISSN

2575-0348

Volume

8

Issue

6

View this publication at Norwegian Research Information Repository