Abstract
As advanced autonomous technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) proliferate across safety-critical sectors, they
bring both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges, often described as automation’s double-edged
sword. Recent literature highlights the shift from a technocentric to a human-centric focus in designing human-
automation interactive systems, aligning with the EU AI regulation's emphasis on Human Oversight. However, as
Levels of Automation (LoA) and system complexity increase, maintaining human involvement, control, and the
ability to intervene becomes increasingly difficult. Ensuring observability, predictability, and directability of
autonomous agents is crucial to achieving transparency in design as a step towards meaningful human oversight.
This paper examines the concept of human oversight, its implications for design, and its role in balancing
automation’s advancements with the need for human control. Drawing from the MAS (Meaningful Human Control)
project, we reviewed twelve articles that explicitly reference oversight, analyzing their contributions to human
oversight design principles. Our findings reveal gaps and underscore the need for stronger integration of human
oversight to ensure the safety and sustainability of advanced autonomous systems.