Abstract
Information about a battery’s state of health (SoH) is essential to enable safe operation of both smaller and larger batteries. Additionally, it is vital to accurately diagnose
SoH for batteries intended for repurposing or second-life use. Establishing SoH currently requires time-consuming and costly diagnostics routines to ensure that the
used batteries are suitable for their new application. In this work, we have explored three different diagnostic techniques on battery modules, which are most commonly
applied on single cells; galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), intermittent current interruption (ICI) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).