Abstract
Carbon dioxide emissions present a significant obstacle to mitigating climate change. Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies, in conjunction with renewable energy and enhanced energy efficiency, offer pathways to reduce emissions and achieve net-zero industrial production. However, many industrial processes remain reliant on fossil fuels, complicating decarbonisation efforts in sectors such as metallurgy and cement production. This article reviews research advancements in absorption-based CO₂ capture technologies from 2015 to 2025 and examines future directions for economically viable and sustainable solutions. Although traditional amine-based absorption processes have been widely implemented, they encounter challenges including high energy requirements for solvent regeneration, solvent degradation, and equipment corrosion. Over the past decade, extensive testing and piloting of advanced emission control and solvent management technologies with high capture rates have aimed to enhance operational predictability and reduce both degradation and costs. Additionally, research has focused on the development and management of new solvent systems, their performance, and CO₂ purity control. Recent efforts have also emphasized dynamic modeling, process control, and the critical role of high-quality experimental data from pilot and laboratory studies in model development.