Abstract
This deliverable assesses the readiness of the Rotterdam–Oslo corridor for Level 4 (L4) automated freight operations within the MODI project. It combines multi-partner field measurements and desk studies to identify segments and conditions that could potentially constrain L4 operation. The analysis suggests that the corridor could be conditionally suitable for L4 demonstrations if Operational Design Domains (ODDs) are scoped at segment level and strong redundancies across perception, HD maps, digital traffic sign feeds, and positioning are established. However, several of these capabilities are only partially in place, and further development and validation are required before reliable large-scale deployment can be assumed.
Field campaigns show strong but uneven performance across key dimensions. Lane and sign detection work well on straightforward motorway segments, but degrades with complex or temporary markings, dynamic signage, adverse weather, and transitional areas such as interchanges, tunnels, and toll or ferry approaches. Mobile LTE / 5G connectivity is generally robust, with short service losses mainly at borders and in tunnels. High-accuracy GNSS with correction services achieves centimetre-level precision for substantial portions of the route but remains vulnerable to occlusions and reconvergence delays after interruptions. Charging infrastructure coverage is sufficient for single heavy-duty battery-electric vehicles with moderate detours, while scalability under higher simultaneous demand requires further analysis.
Based on these findings, the report recommends corridor-wide digitalization of dynamic signage and temporary traffic management using machine-readable, lane-specific, harmonized data models. It also calls for standardization of cross-border geodetic harmonization for GNSS services. Furthermore, section- and condition-based ODD engineering should be implemented with defined degraded modes and remote intervention policies. Collaboration between OEMs and road authorities is essential to ensure cost-effective and robust infrastructure for L4 operations.
For business readiness, targeted co-investment models between OEMs and technology providers are recommended, alongside capacity planning and site audits for truck-capable charging stations and additional connectivity infrastructure.
Adopting L4 automation along the Rotterdam–Oslo corridor could offer benefits for logistics stakeholders, including reduced driver dependency, predictable transit times, and improved fleet utilization. Real-time data exchange and harmonized APIs enable dynamic routing and minimize idle time, while scalable charging infrastructure supports decarbonization and ESG goals.
To ensure safe and interoperable deployment, regulatory alignment across EU and national frameworks is essential. Harmonized governance of digital traffic signs, GNSS standards, and crossborder data exchange underpins reliability. EU CCAM [27] and TEN-T [26] directives provide the legislative foundation, complemented by national policies on liability, remote operations, and cybersecurity. These measures collectively advance MODI’s objectives for efficiency, safety, and sustainability, creating a competitive advantage for early adopters.
In summary, no single information layer is sufficiently reliable across all corridor segments and conditions. However, a potential pathway emerges: Targeted PDI improvements, harmonized digital data and APIs, and carefully scoped ODDs could collectively support safer, more efficient, and scalable L4 automated freight operations along the MODI corridor. These insights feed MODI’s Book of Recommendations (D1.5), Impact Assessment (D2.4), and Gap Analysis (D2.5).