Abstract
Deliverable D4.2, "Optimal Designs of Physical and Digital Infrastructures at Public Roads," assesses infrastructure needs for implementing SAE Level 4 automated freight transport along the MODI corridor, connecting the Netherlands to Norway. This evaluation draws on prior studies, input from key stakeholders—including road operators, vehicle manufacturers, and industry experts—and insights from MODI research, data collection, and Use Cases.
The supporting literature review spans 139 academic articles and 45 project deliverables, providing a comprehensive understanding of existing infrastructure along the MODI corridor. Additionally, semi-structured interviews and workshops with experts in transport infrastructure, vehicle automation, and logistics were conducted. These interactions enabled the research team to refine infrastructure requirements critical for L4 CCAM deployment.
Through case studies and stakeholder feedback, the report examined physical and digital infrastructure needs along complex MODI corridor sections, including tunnels, bridges, and toll plazas. A workshop with European authorities and industry experts further enriched the analysis, emphasizing national strategies for infrastructure adaptation. This collective input shaped the report’s final recommendations on infrastructure priorities.
Based on the main findings of the literature review, a semi-structured interview guide was created for an extensive interview series with relevant stakeholders. The interview series, covering a wide range of stakeholders across the industry and public authorities concludes that large-scale physical infrastructure upgrades are most likely not necessary for L4 CCAM deployment. Current road markings, signage, and other elements meet most requirements, though minor improvements in road markings and the availability of safe harbour areas may be beneficial. Instead, the focus is on robust digital infrastructure to support automated driving.
Each of the four elements of the PDI (Physical Road Infrastructure, Connectivity, Positioning services and High-Definition Maps) are interdependent, but mature and develop according to traffic density, available funds, regulations, and vehicle demands and developments. Understanding the complexity and uncertainties imposed by the different development timelines in various locations is important to understand how MODI help bring about L4 operations.
The report emphasizes the importance of collaborative standardisation across both physical and digital infrastructures to support safe and efficient L4 CCAM vehicle operations. I.e., alignment and implementation of standards for road markings, signage, connectivity protocols, HD map formats, and positioning technologies that is vital for a harmonized framework that enables consistent and efficient CCAM features.
These findings are fundamental to MODI’s overarching goals to accelerate automated freight transport in Europe. The recommendations presented lay the groundwork for infrastructure enhancements, preparing both physical and digital systems to support safe and effective operation of L4 freight vehicles across European corridors.