Abstract
This paper investigates the use of localization technologies within 5G mobile networks for road pricing, using a Scandinavian case study. It reviews the limitations of traditional road pricing technologies and explores how mobile network data can support traffic monitoring, mobility analysis, and optimized road usage. 5G-based path reconstruction was tested through a simulator to assess technical feasibility. Using real trip data, we reconstructed 1,000 travel paths through the road network with up to 91% accuracy in path identification. Results demonstrate that mobile network localization provides a reliable technological alternative for road pricing, while highlighting the need to address privacy and responsible data governance. This research contributes to the growing field of sustainable transport solutions and offers valuable insights for engineers, practitioners, and policymakers. By leveraging mobile networks, the research paper outlines a promising direction for future road pricing technology.