Abstract
Growing shares of renewable energy and increased peak demand associated with the green transition introduce new challenges for the power system. Industrial demand-side flexibility is regarded as a part of the solution, potentially offering economic benefits for actors while reducing capacity-based grid tariff cost. This work examines the value of flexibility within industrial processes in comparison with other flexible resources such as energy storage (ES). An optimization model with a linear load shift formulation that accounts for recovery time is proposed and applied to a dairy case study, exhibiting process flexibility potential within its cold storage. The results show that process flexibility can reduce both peak load and net electricity costs, and it demonstrates clear synergy with other external flexible resources. ES increases operational freedom and enables longer load shifting, reducing peak by 1.31 MW and grid cost by 8.17%, compared with 0.43 MW and 2.87% without ES.