Abstract
Addressing sustainability challenges in urban environments requires a shift from focusing solely on individual buildings to considering the broader context of entire neighbourhoods. To this end, the research centre for Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities (FME ZEN), active from 2017 to 2024, builds upon the foundation of knowledge established by its predecessor, the research centre for Zero Emission Buildings (FME ZEB). FME ZEN has advanced the concept of zero emission neighbourhoods (ZEN) by developing comprehensive definitions and performance evaluation methodologies. Over the past eight years, various pilot areas have been implemented within FME ZEN to operationalise the concept of ZENs and gain practical experience in ZEN development. This study explores the planning and implementation of ZENs and aims to identify and analyse key drivers and barriers associated with this innovative approach to achieving climate goals. Through qualitative interviews with partners involved in eight distinct ZEN pilot areas across Norway, this research has categorised the factors influencing ZEN development into seven themes: governance, process, technology, economy, market, skills and knowledge, and social and cultural aspects. The study not only identifies these thematic categories but also provides a detailed examination of specific drivers and barriers within each category. The insights gained offer valuable guidance for future ZEN initiatives, aiding the effective planning and implementation of ZENs and advancing progress toward climate goals.