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Alkali release from two alkali releasing aggregates during the RILEM AAR-8 test method: effect of aggregate grading, filler properties and mineralogy

Abstract

Abstract Alkali-silica reaction is a major durability issue of concrete structures in many countries. The main drivers considered for reaction are the aggregate type, moisture, and alkalis from the binder. However, it has been shown that aggregates themselves can also contribute to the free alkalis in pore solution of concrete. To account for that in standards, the real alkali contribution from aggregates needs to be understood. This investigation covers the alkali release from one Norwegian “low releasing” aggregate and one Canadian “high releasing” aggregate in alkaline solution according to the RILEM AAR-8 method. Besides the entire sample (0–4 mm), different single fractions, grading curves of filler and varying solid/liquid ratio were investigated. Fineness of particles and the specific surface area is shown to be the dominant factor for alkali release. The mineralogical composition played a minor role in the investigated aggregates. When summing up the measured alkali release from the four single fractions (2–4, 0.5–1, 0.125–0.25 and < 0.125 mm), the values were in all cases (both aggregates and cations) considerably higher than the measured alkali release from the created “SUM” sample comprising the same fractions and the entire AAR-8 sample. Increasing the amount of filler fines four-fold in the same amount in solution, led to approx. a doubling of the alkali released. Depletion of the added Ca(OH) 2 in the alkaline solution is suggested as a potential explanation for the limited alkali release.

Category

Academic article

Language

English

Author(s)

Affiliation

  • SINTEF Community / Infrastructure
  • SINTEF Community / Architecture, Materials and Structures
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • Heidelberg Materials Sement Norge AS
  • Norwegian public roads administration

Date

28.02.2026

Year

2026

Published in

Materials and Structures

ISSN

1359-5997

Volume

59

Issue

2

View this publication at Norwegian Research Information Repository