Sensitivity of CSEM Response for Monitoring CO₂ Plume using Wellbore Infrastructure

This study investigates the potential of utilizing existing well infrastructure in marine CSEM for efficient CO₂ storage monitoring, focusing on detecting and characterizing deep CO₂ plumes, with applications to Aurora and Smeaheia storage sites. Analysing EM signals from well casings excited by a seafloor dipole, we use FEM simulations to assess the sensitivity of seafloor-measured E-fields to variations in plume geometry and depth. Results reveal a complex interplay between EM fields, CO₂ distribution, formation layers, and plume depth, demonstrating that seafloor signals contain valuable information about subsurface CO₂ spatial distribution and vertical extent. This method offers a promising approach for enhanced CCS monitoring.